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California , officially the State of California , is a state in the western part of the United States , along the Pacific Ocean.
It is the third biggest US state by land area after Alaska and Texas with , square mi , km 2. It has more people than any other state with over 39 million people as of It also has more people than Canada. The capital is Sacramento. The states around its borders are Arizona to the southeast, Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south.
California is the US state with the largest economy. California's Silicon Valley is home to some of the world's most valuable technology companies , including Apple , Alphabet Inc. What is now California was first settled by Native Californian tribes. It was explored by Europeans in the 16th and 17th century. It became the 31st state of the United States in California hosts a large Mexican American population.
Hispanics are expected to number Asians are the fastest growing ethnic group in California. Many celebrities and rich people live in California. Los Angeles attracts tourists from all over the world due to its celebrity culture. Many movies and television shows are filmed in Los Angeles. California is home to many immigrants.
Recent immigrants in California are from Asia. Most immigrants in California come from Mexico 3. In , the number of Hispanic and Latino residents in California had surpassed the number of white residents, with about The geography of California varies depending on region. The eastern part of the state has the highest point in the United States outside of Alaska: Mount Whitney , in the Sierra Nevada mountain range. It is California's single most productive agricultural region and one of the most productive in the world.
It produces more than half the fruit, vegetables, and nuts grown in the United States. The west-central part of the state has some small mountains and the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland.
California is home to many animals such as racoons , the California condor, and the mountain lion. California was once home to the Grizzly bear and the jaguar. California poppy is the official flower of California. The state is a leader in three businesses: farming , movie -making, and high technology , mostly software and websites. Aerospace used to be a large industry there, but it has been downsized in the last 20 years.
California is very diverse. There are many earthquakes in California. They happen when two tectonic plates parts of the Earth's crust shift underground. Californians need to be prepared for earthquakes and often store extra food, water, flashlights, and first aid supplies in case of such an emergency. California has more people than any other state in the United States. If California was a separate country, it would have the sixth largest economy in the world. California is probably the state with the most ethnic groups.
It also has many different geographic features — mountains, deserts, and coasts. It is often called The Golden State. The state flower is the golden poppy. California has a large population of Mexican Americans.
Mexican Americans have influenced Californian cuisine and Californian culture. California is popular among celebrities. California English is a dialect of the English language spoken within California. California is the home to a highly diverse populace, and this is reflected in many other languages, especially Spanish. As is the case of English is spoken in any state, not all features of California English is used by all speakers in the state, and not all features are restricted in use only to the state.
However, there are some linguistic features which can be identified as either originally or predominantly Californian. California is famous for In-N-Out Burger , which is the regional chain of fast food restaurants and founded in by Harry and Esther Snyder. Protestantism and Catholicism are the most practiced religions in California. A smaller population are Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists. Marijuana became legal in Californian cuisine is influenced by Spanish cuisine, Mexican cuisine, and Asian cuisine.
Mexican food is very popular in California. California is popular for its tourism. Hollywood and Disneyland are popular tourist destinations in California. In , Gavin Newsom became the governor of California. Before him, the governor was Jerry Brown.
On January 3, , Kamala Harris became the other one. In the presidential election , Kamala Harris was elected as the first woman and person of color to be Vice President of the United States.
In January , Alex Padilla became the next U. Senator, replacing Harris, and became the first Hispanic U. Senator from the state. California was more conservative during the s and s when its former governor, Ronald Reagan , ran for president as a Republican. Today, California is more liberal and less conservative. The people in Coastal California were Native Americans.
The original Californians were a diverse population, separated by language into as many as distinct dialects.
In the past, the area that was called "California" was not just today's California. This area covered the Mexican lands south of it, as well as Nevada , Utah , and parts of Arizona and Wyoming. In these early times, the borders of the Sea of Cortez and the Pacific coast were not well known, so the old maps wrongly showed California to be an island.
The first European who visited parts of the coast, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, came from Portugal in The first European who saw the entire coast was Sir Francis Drake, in , and he decided that the British owned it.
But starting in the late s, Spanish religious leaders of the Roman Catholic Church "missionaries" got large gifts of land in the area north of Baja California, from the Spanish king and queen. These religious people set up small towns and villages, the famous California Missions.
When Mexico was no longer controlled by Spain, the Mexican government took over the villages, and they soon became empty. These men flew a "Bear flag" that had a golden bear with a star on it. This Republic ended suddenly, however, when Commodore John D. He said that California was now part of the United States. After the war with Mexico ended, California was split between the two countries. The western part of the part given to the United States became today's state of California.
In , there were about 4, Spanish-speaking people in today's California on the American side. Today the state has a total of nearly 40,, people. In , gold was suddenly found and the number of people went up very fast as the Gold Rush took hold. Slavery also spread there as people hoping to find gold brought African slaves and either forced them to work in gold mines or hired them out for other work.
During the American Civil War , many people in California, especially in the southern part of California, thought the South was right and slavery should be protected. Some people in Southern California even wanted Southern California to leave the rest of the state and join the Confederate States of America. However, this did not happen. California joined the war to and helped the North the Union and sent many troops east to fight the Confederacy.
At first, travel between the far west and the east coast of the United States was dangerous and took a lot of time. Going by land was very difficult, because there were no roads and no trains, and many Native Americans were attacking American people heading West in wagons.
The only other way was to travel by boat around the Cape Horn , at the southern end of South America. This took months, since the trip was thousands of miles long and the Panama Canal had not yet been built either.
But in , the connection got better quickly, because the first railroad across the continent was finished. Meanwhile, more people in California were learning that the land there was very good to grow fruit and other crops. Oranges were grown in many parts of California. This was the beginning of the huge farming business that California has today. The economy of the State of California is the largest in the United States. The most dominant are finance , business services , government and manufacturing.
If California were a sovereign nation, according to statistics, it would rank as the world's fifth largest economy, lying between Germany and India.
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